摘要（Abstract或Summary）是对整个论文主要内容的概括和总结。它具有独立性与自含性，即不需阅读全稿就能获得主要信息，也帮助读者决定有无必要阅读全文。世界上知名的文摘杂志，如Chemical Abstract、Abstracts on Hygiene等，都是通过收集资料，介绍和推广重要和有价值的科技与学术研究的理论、方法、成果等。因此，摘要已成为国际间学术交流的一种非常重要的写作文体和获取信息的途径。
掌握下面这些英文摘要常用句型，助你写出凝炼又规范的英文摘要。
一、论文主要内容的表达
1. 我们报道…：We report …; We describe …; In this paper we report …
2. 本文报道（介绍） …： …is / are presented / reported /described.
3. 本文讨论了 …：is / are discussed.
4. 报告了…的现状：The present situation of … is reported / presented.
5. 综述了…：is reviewed.
6. 调查了…：was investigated.
7. 对…进行了试验：Experiment was done / performed on …
8. 研究了…：…was studied / investigated. / Research was made in …
二、研究背景的表达
1. 已有报道 …：… were reported.
2. 有记载 …：… has been recorded.
3. 已证明 …：There is evidence that … / It has been proved that …
三、研究目的的表达
1. 为了 …： to / in order to + 动词（常用动词有study, investigate, evaluate, observe, clarify, understand, examine, substantiate, inquire into, elucidate, etc.); In an effort / attempt to + 动词
2. 为了探讨 …：In order to explore …
3. 为了弄清 … 的关系：To find out the relationship between … and …
4. 本研究旨在：The purpose / objective / aim of this study was … / This study aimed at … / The study was designed to …
5. 本研究的主要目的是 …：The primary purpose of this study was to …
